What is
Fistula?
A fistula is an **abnormal small tube (tunnel/hole)** that forms from the inside of the anus (rectum) to the outside skin.
This hole usually forms when an abscess forms in the anus and bursts.
Symptoms
Repeated sores/yellowish fluid like pus
A small hole or lump near the anus
Pain & swelling (sometimes subsides, then grows again)
Inflammation / itching near the skin
A history of abscesses (sores) near the anus in the past
Problems that may occur if the fistula is left untreated
- Repeated sores
- Long-term sores/fluid leakage, bad odor
- Multiple holes that are difficult to treat
- Weakness in holding stool (sphincter damage)
- Very rarely, cancer-like changes may occur (if left untreated for a long time)
Fistula cannot be cured with medication, the only definitive treatment is surgery.
Surgical techniques:
- Fistulotomy – A line is cut through the hole and allowed to heal
- Fistulectomy – The entire hole is removed
- Seton technique – A thread is inserted to slowly reduce the hole (in large fistulas)
- LIFT method – A hole is made inside
- Advancement flap – For complex fistulas
- Laser treatment (FiLaC) – A new method, easy, saves the muscles that hold the stool
- VAAFT – Cleaning and closing the fistula with the help of a video camera
Important information for patients
- Fistula is a chronic disease, it does not go away with medication
- Early treatment reduces complications
- Modern methods (laser, VAAFT, LIFT) reduce pain and speed up recovery
- Sitz bath, cleanliness, and nutrition are mandatory after surgery
