What is

Constipation?

Infrequent bowel movements

Difficulty in passing stools

Sensation of incomplete evacuation


Generally, less than 3 bowel movements per week or passing hard, dry stools is considered constipation.

Problems that may occur if the Constipation is left untreated

  • Low fiber, low fruits & vegetables, Inadequate water intake
  • Sedentary lifestyle / lack of exercise
  • Ignoring / delaying the urge to defecate
  • Stress, irregular routines, bowel habits
  • Colorectal cancer, Anal fissure, Rectocele, Stricture

Constipation can be cured with medication & Lifestyle / Behavioral

Management – (Lifestyle / Behavioral)

  • 1. Dietary fiber – 20–25 gm/day. Fresh vegetables, whole grains, psyllium husk
  • Fluids – 2–3 L/day
  • Regular exercise – walking, yoga, abdominal strengthening exercises
  • Establish regular toilet routine. After meals, usually gastrocolic reflex is strong
  • Avoid excessive tea, coffee, alcohol
  • Sitz bath in warm water

Medical Management

  • Bulk forming agents: psyllium, methylcellulose, bran
  • Osmotic laxatives: lactulose, PEG (polyethylene glycol), magnesium hydroxide — draws water into bowel, softens stool
  • Stool softeners: Docusate sodium — reduces stool hardness
  • Stimulant laxatives: Short-term use only Bisacodyl, senna — stimulate bowel contraction
  • Suppositories / Enemas: Glycerol / phosphate enema for immediate relief